New Delhi: In a remarkable display of progress, India has emerged as a global leader in reducing child mortality, receiving high praise from the United Nations. Since 2000, the country has achieved a significant reduction in under-five deaths by 70% and neonatal deaths by 61%. This accomplishment was facilitated by strategic investments in health systems, including initiatives like Ayushman Bharat, the world’s largest health insurance scheme. The UN recently recognized India’s efforts alongside Nepal, Senegal, Ghana, and Burundi as “exemplar countries” in child mortality reduction, underscoring how strong governance and targeted health interventions can lead to substantial progress in resource-constrained environments.
Key Achievements
The UN report highlighted India’s success story, citing examples of improved health infrastructure and innovative health financing models. For instance, the Ayushman Bharat scheme provides comprehensive health coverage to families, covering aspects like free delivery, infant care, and essential medications. Additionally, the establishment of maternity homes, sick newborn care units, and other specialized facilities has been instrumental in reducing child deaths. The report also noted that interventions such as antenatal corticosteroids and the deployment of skilled birth attendants have supported newborn survival, contributing to millions of healthy pregnancies and thriving live births annually.
Broader Impact
Globally, efforts to reduce child mortality have had a significant impact. The number of children dying before their fifth birthday dropped below 5 million for the first time in 2022, reflecting a more than 50% decline since 2000. However, despite these achievements, millions of children still face preventable threats to their lives. The UN emphasizes that sustained investments and policy changes are crucial to maintaining progress and preventing a reversal of these gains.
Success Stories and Challenges
India’s progress is not isolated; several low- and lower-middle-income countries, including Angola, Bhutan, and Morocco, have also surpassed global declines in under-five mortality rates. Yet, challenges persist, particularly in ensuring equitable access to health services and addressing the unique needs of vulnerable populations. UNICEF continues to stress the importance of vaccines, nutrition, safe water, and sanitation in preventing child deaths, underscoring the need for continued commitment to these proven interventions.
