Team Goemkarponn
VASCO: Even as the coal transportation debate continues to dominate discussions in the port town, a 2019 study by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay had concluded that coal was not the only source of air pollution in Vasco.
The findings, commissioned by the Goa State Pollution Control Board (GSPCB), played a key role in resuming coal handling at the port after a year-long suspension.
The Source Apportionment Study, carried out between 2017 and 2019, revealed that air quality in Vasco was impacted by multiple local factors and not just by cargo operations at Mormugao Port.
IIT-Bombay identified biomass burning for cooking and water heating as a significant contributor to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) levels in the town.
The report further stated that coal handling accounted for less than 10 per cent of the pollutants.
Air quality samples were collected from seven sites, including MPT Guest House, NCPOR Vasco, Baina residential area, Chicalim VP and SMC Hospital.
The study observed that Vasco’s pollution levels were either similar or in some cases better than those recorded in other Goan towns, and well within the prescribed safety limits.
The report also highlighted seasonal wind patterns, noting that dispersion reduced pollution strength as emissions travelled further inland from the port.
Concerns over coal dust resurfaced after JSW and Adani were accused of exceeding handling limits, resulting in serious air quality violations. The GSPCB had earlier filed a criminal case against MPT and South West Port Ltd in 2016 for exceeding permitted coal handling capacity.
However, the High Court later dismissed the matter on technical grounds, granting relief to the firms in 2022.
