New Delhi: With the southwest monsoon expected to be weaker than usual this year, concerns are mounting over water availability across large parts of the country. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast monsoon rainfall to be around 10 per cent below normal, increasing the importance of reservoir storage levels ahead of the rainy season.
Recent data shows that out of 166 major reservoirs monitored nationwide, 106 are currently filled to 40 per cent of their capacity or less. Only two reservoirs have storage levels between 81 and 90 per cent of capacity, while another 22 reservoirs are operating in the 41 to 50 per cent range. The figures highlight the dependence on a strong monsoon to replenish water resources in the coming months.
At the national level, total reservoir storage stood at 56.3 billion cubic metres (BCM), slightly higher than the level recorded during the same period last year and above the ten year average. However, regional disparities remain significant.
Northern India reported the strongest storage position, with reservoirs holding 38.79 per cent of their total capacity. The Western region followed with 35.77 per cent, while the Central region stood at 35.40 per cent. Conditions were less favourable in Eastern India, where storage was 24.46 per cent of capacity, and in Southern India, where reservoirs were at just 22.53 per cent.
When compared with long term averages, the Western region recorded the highest surplus, followed by Northern and Central India. However, the Eastern region remained below its historical average, indicating greater vulnerability if rainfall falls short of expectations.
Among states, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh reported reservoir levels well above their ten year norms. In contrast, West Bengal registered the sharpest deficit, followed by Mizoram, Kerala, Assam and Tamil Nadu.
Several reservoirs remain under considerable stress despite the overall national picture appearing relatively stable. Notable water bodies with storage below half of their normal levels include Kabini Dam, Krishnaraja Sagara Dam, Periyar Dam, Tehri Dam and Vaigai Dam.
With forecasts pointing to below normal rainfall and the possibility of El Niño related disruptions, reservoir replenishment during the monsoon season will be crucial for agriculture, drinking water supply and power generation across the country.
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