Team Goemkarponn
PANAJI: Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is the body’s immune response to airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mite, molds and pet dander. When exposed to these triggers, the body releases chemicals such as histamine, leading to symptoms like sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion. Some individuals exposed to these allergens also develop other allergic conditions like allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema) and asthma. Nasal allergies can be seasonal, flaring up during specific times of the year, or perennial, persisting year-round. Beyond the physical discomfort, allergic rhinitis can affect sleep quality, concentration and school performance, creating a ripple effect on overall well-being.
While pollen, pollutants and smoke are important outdoor allergens that can trigger nasal allergies, indoor allergens are equally potent triggers, and are often ignored. One of the commonest agents that induces perennial allergic rhinitis is the house dust mite (HDM). Dust mites are microscopic organisms that thrive in household environments. They feast on organic matter, particularly skin flakes shed by humans and pets. They prefer warm, humid conditions, making bedding, pillow covers, carpets and upholstered furniture like sofas their preferred habitats. While dust mites themselves are harmless, their waste products and dead bodies can trigger allergic reactions and asthma symptoms in sensitized individuals.
Eliminating house dust mites involves a comprehensive strategy that focuses on both prevention and eradication. We need to target their preferred habitats by washing bedding, pillowcases, and curtains in hot water frequently, preferably every 1-2 weeks, as high temperatures can effectively kill these tiny invaders. Incorporating dust mite-proof encasements on pillows and mattresses can shield against allergen exposure. Regular vacuuming with a HEPA filter equipped vacuum cleaner can help capture dust mites and their waste, especially in carpets and upholstery. Wet mopping instead of dusting with a dry cloth helps reduce generation of airborne particles. Maintaining low humidity levels can deter dust mite populations, theoretically making dehumidifiers a valuable ally in the fight. However, the practical utility of dehumidification is uncertain owing to the fact that even brief periods of high humidity can lead to dust mite survival and reproduction. Finally, decluttering the house and opting for hard surfaces over carpets can create a less hospitable environment for these unwanted guests, promoting a healthier living space.
Molds are the other common agents that play a significant role in nasal allergies. They act as potent allergens that can exacerbate symptoms in certain (not all) individuals. Found in damp environments, these fungi release tiny spores into the air, which can be inhaled, triggering allergic reactions. Common molds like Aspergillus and Penicillium thrive in places such as damp basements, bathrooms, and decaying organic matter. When inhaled, mold spores can provoke inflammation in the nasal passages. Additionally, prolonged exposure can contribute to respiratory issues and asthma flare-ups. Maintaining low indoor humidity and promptly addressing damp patches on walls can help mitigate the impact of molds.
Pet dander, composed of tiny flakes of skin, hair, and saliva shed by dogs and cats, is another common trigger for allergic rhinitis. When these tiny particles become airborne, they can be inhaled, prompting the immune system to overreact in sensitized individuals. However, not all people exposed to animal dander develop allergy symptoms; also having allergy symptoms does not necessarily mean that the pet is the culprit. Relief of symptoms upon moving to a different household for a period of time or a formal allergy test may establish the pet as the trigger. While the furry friends bring joy and companionship, managing exposure to dander is crucial for those allergic to pets. The most obvious solution is to find the pet a new home, but this may not always be feasible. Regular grooming, keeping the pet away from the bedroom and sofas, getting rid of carpets, using air purifiers with HEPA filters and maintaining a clean living environment can help mitigate some of the effects of pet allergy. Similarly, dander from insects like cockroaches’ act as allergens and can be taken care of by maintaining a clean household and effective pest control measures.
Lastly, exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke and strong fragrances such as perfumes and air fresheners may also set off allergy symptoms. To alleviate symptoms, it’s essential to create an irritant-free environment, avoid second-hand smoke exposure, and ensure proper ventilation in the house.
Allergies have significant physical, emotional and economic implications. As awareness grows, many individuals are exploring innovative treatments, from lifestyle changes to immunotherapy, in their quest for relief. Nevertheless, it would be worthwhile to be mindful of our household environment before reaching out. Alongside medical treatment from a certified practitioner, managing the indoor allergen load can go a long way in controlling the symptoms and ensuring healthy living.
